Involves nasopharynx, pharynx, larynx, sinuses: Colds, rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis
- ANTIHISTAMINES
- Block H1 and/or H2 receptors
- Side effects: Decreased SLUDGE (anticholinergic), drowsiness
- Prototype drug: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)—1st generation—PO, injectable (can be used for emergencies)
- 2nd generation antihistamines: Cetirizine (Zyrtec), fexofenadine (Allegra), loratidine (Claritin)—available only by PO
- DECONGESTANTS
- Alpha adrenergic effects
- Administered by nasal spray, PO
- Drugs: Ephedrine, pseudoephedrine (Sudaphed), phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine), oxymetazoline (Afrin)—spray
- Side effects: Rebound congestion with overuse of spray; systemic: elevated BP, elevated blood glucose; dysrhythmias; avoid stimulants
- INTRANASAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS
- Systemic side effects rare; may cause nasal dryness
- Drugs: Fluticasone (Flonase), Triamcinolone (Nasacort)
- ANTITUSSIVES
- Suppress cough reflex
- Prototype drug: Dextromethorphan (Robitussin, Delsym)
- Available OTC
- Intoxication at high doses
- EXPECTORANTS
- Liquify sputum for easier production with coughing
- Need to increase PO fluid itake
- Drug: Guaifenesin (Robitussin, Mucinex)
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