Respiratory Alkalosis treatment

• Anxiety disorder, breathe into a paper bag
• Sedative or antianxiety medication may be needed
• If excessive mechanical ventilation is the cause, adjust the ventilator setting
• If hypoxia is the cause, administer oxygen
• S/S: mimic heart attack, chest tightness etc

Respiratory Acidosis treatment

• Bronchodilator, to open the airway
• Antibiotics, to treat respiratory infection
• Naloxone (Narcan)m antidote for excess narcotics or anesthesia
• Respiratory support, may require intubation and mechanical ventilation to improve gas exchange and alveolar ventilation
• Hydrate up to 3000 mL/day
• Breathing tx, percussion, vibration, postural drainage as ordered
• Lower PaCO2 slowly to avoid complication i.e cardiac dysrhytmia and cerebral perfusion
• Administer O2 cautiously
• COPD - O2 narcosis
• Teach pursed lip breathing
• Monitor for respiratory depression.
• Restoring effective alveolar ventilation and gas exchange is the priority.

Metabolic Alkalosis treatment

Possible cause: gastric suctioning, vomiting, anorexia, ingestion of bicarbonate (Alka-seltzer, Soda Bicarbonate)

Decrease Cl = Increase CHO3
Give Cl to reverse the result

• Potassium Chloride (KCl)
• Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
• Potassium restores serum and intracellular K levels
• Chloride promotes renal  excretion of Bicarbonate
• NaCl, restore fluid volume deficits that can contribute to metabolic alkalosis

• Severe alkalosis, an acidifying solution such as Ammonium Chloride may be administered.
• Treat underlying cause
• Priority: impaired gas exchange / hypoxemia
• May lead to hypokalemia and hypovolemia

Metabolic Acidosis Treatment

• Sodium Bicarbonate - alkalinizing solutions to reduce the effect of the acidosis on cardiac function.
• IV for acute
• PO for chronic

• Treat underlying cause:
• DKA - insulin and fluids
• ETOH acidosis - glucose and saline
• Lactic Acidosis - treat underlying cause and improve tissue perfusion
• Renal failure 
• Diarrhea - fluid and electrolyte replacement

• Monitor for decrease CO because of metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia
• Monitor lab values, ABG, electrolytes, creatinine and BUN for renal
• Monitor for dysrhytmias
• further decrease CO intensify acidosis
• As PH falls, mental functioning declines leading to confusion, stupor and decreasing LOC

May lead to hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis if bicarbonate is not watch closely. Can also cause hypernatremia, hyperosmolarity and hypervolemia.